大学英语四级学习计划(优选10篇)
发表时间：2017-12-30大学英语四级学习计划(优选10篇)。
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
大学英语四级写作必备范文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Keep Psychologically Healthy? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因
2.分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因
3.你认为人们应如何保持心理健康
【范文】
How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?
One in four people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year. When you fail to manage these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses.
The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another. In todays society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure. Others lack communication skills. In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.
There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy. Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something to make a change. Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercise to release the pressure. Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner or friend about your problem, or seek support and advice from a psychological consultant.
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
引言：
大学英语四级考试是中国大学生的一大挑战，不仅对于提升英语水平有着重要意义，而且对于升学、就业都有着重要的影响。为了顺利通过这一考试，制定一份详细具体且生动的学习计划是非常必要的。
一、目标设定：
在制定学习计划之前，我们首先需要明确自己的目标。英语四级考试要求考生具备一定的听、说、读、写的能力，因此我们的目标应包括这些方面。例如，在听力方面，能够准确理解日常生活和工作中的对话和讲座；在口语方面，能够流利表达自己的观点并参与日常交流；在阅读方面，能够理解并归纳文章的主旨和重要细节；在写作方面，能够用英文写出语法正确、表达清晰的文章。
二、学习时间规划：
为了有效利用时间，我们需要制定一个合理的学习时间规划。首先，需要评估自己的英语水平，并根据自己的实际情况来安排每天的学习时间。一般来说，每天至少需要1-2个小时的英语学习时间，包括听、说、读、写的综合训练。此外，还可以利用碎片化时间进行英语学习，比如上下班的路上、午休时间等。最重要的是，要坚持每天学习，避免间断。
三、学习资源准备：
制定学习计划之前，我们还需要准备好学习资源。首先，购买一些高质量的英语教材和参考书籍，可以帮助我们系统地学习英语的基础知识。同时，也可以下载一些相关的学习软件和APP，如网易公开课、扇贝英语等，方便我们随时随地进行学习。此外，还可以参加一些线下或线上的英语培训课程，通过和其他学习者互动来提高自己的英语水平。
四、学习方法和技巧：
有效地学习英语需要使用一些科学的学习方法和技巧。首先，可以利用英语学习软件和APP进行听力训练，如通过听力练习提高听力水平。其次，可以通过英语影视剧、英文歌曲等多媒体资源来提高口语表达能力。此外，每天可以选择一篇英文文章进行阅读，并记录下其中的生词和短语，扩大词汇量。最后，可以多写英语作文，并请教老师或其他学习者进行批改，提高写作能力。
五、考前复习：
为了确保顺利通过英语四级考试，我们需要进行有针对性的考前复习。首先，可以通过模拟考试进行测评，了解自己的薄弱环节。然后，可以重点复习这些薄弱环节，通过做题来提高自己的应试能力。此外，还可以参加一些英语四级模拟考试，熟悉考试形式和时间安排。最后，需要制定一个复习计划，包括每天的复习内容和时间安排，确保全面复习。
六、学习休息平衡：
制定学习计划的同时，我们也需要注意学习休息的平衡。为了避免疲劳和厌倦，可以合理安排学习和休息时间，每天定时进行体育锻炼和参加其他娱乐活动。此外，要保证充足的睡眠时间，每天保持7到8小时的睡眠，以保持旺盛的学习精力。
结语：
一个详细具体且生动的学习计划是顺利通过大学英语四级考试的关键。通过目标设定、学习时间规划、学习资源准备、学习方法和技巧、考前复习以及学习休息的平衡，我们能够有效提高自己的英语水平，并取得优异的成绩。希望每位考生都能制定属于自己的学习计划，并为之努力奋斗。
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
第一步：基础备考
核心：词汇及语法积累
（建议每日复习时间：2小时~3小时）
打牢词汇基础是本时段的中心任务。选择一本四级词汇书，制定约15日至20日的背词计划。在新词方面，四级与高中水平差别不大。
背词时，需要特别训练“眼熟”的能力，不用刻意强调拼写和多重含义，不停的用翻书或重复识别的方式加强印象即可。背单词最难的就在短时重复的循环坚持，能多看哪怕一会儿，你就战胜之前的你了。
已经做过部分真题依然但依然未过级的同学，不用过早进入做题继续错题再做再错的怪圈。可以利用做过的真题来背词，这样效率更高。尤其推荐通过播放听过的听力材料的形式，抽查自己的听写单词及短语的能力。
特别提示：多次考试处于420分数以下的同学务必尽早开动。此分数段同学英语学习方法存在重大问题。听课或看书来改正方法可能比自己学效果好得多。
第二步：强化备考（最核心期）
核心：真题训练
（每日复习时间：2.5小时~3小时）
谁都知道备考四六级的最佳资料就是历年真题，但如果你做真题时出现以下情况，真题基本没有发挥作用：
1.完成一套，对答案，一段时间后再做下一套；
2.把阅读和听力选择题作为重点，一般不写作文，不做听写；
3.只有一本真题集。
推荐的方法是：（配合使用巨微英语《四级真题/逐句精解》）
1.买两套真题，按照约4天一套题目的速度练习；
2.按照考试时间，完成所有题目（包括作文和听写，写不下去也要撑30分钟）；
3.确认答案，估计分数，标记在题目之前，作为记录；
4.分析所有错题和不确定的题目（此环节可能需要看真题解析或询问高手或者老师），并且总结记录出现在准确选项，你选错的选项，答案对应原文等位置的生词；
5.尝试翻译所有题目的准确答案项以及对应原文；
6.听力至少再听两遍；
7.努力记住第四步记录的单词或短语。
如此说来，完成一套真题的时间，至少在四个小时以上，1-4步和5-7步可以在两至三日内分别完成。特别提醒，作文最好找老师或高手批改，否则自己写下去几乎没有提高。
第二轮： （5月21日至6月5日，每日复习时间：2.5小时~3小时）
这段时间，拿出第二套真题集，抽取大约六套左右原来做过的题目重新做。如果准确率极高，说明之前真题练习不错，反之则证明效果不佳。要特别注意重复做错的题目。
这两个月是备考的黄金期，放弃了这一段时间，就等于放弃了所有过级可能性。听课，接受引导式学习，是保证部分倍感自控无望的同学学习进度的最好方式。
第三步：冲刺备考
核心：回顾错题，模拟考试
（每日复习时间：2.5小时~3小时）
几乎所有考试失败的前辈都会悲叹上场之后，考试时间不够，所以再次强化自己的考场能力成为最后时日的关键。
拿出最后剩余的真题，选择早晨的9点整（四级）或下午的3点整（六级），计时完成题目。你需要分析自己的强弱项，提前计划在正式考试时如何利用优势弥补劣势，让分数最大化。
当然，继续背那些重复出现却总是记混的单词也是好的选择。
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
四级作文模板
一、观点陈述类作文
There is no consensus of opinions among people about _____（争论的焦点）.Some people are of the view that _____(观点1)，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that _____(观点2).人们对_____（争论的焦点）的观点不尽一致。有人认为_____（观点1），另外一些人则持不同观点，认为_____(观点2)。
As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, _____(论据1).Furthermore, _____(论据2).Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, _____(论据3).就我而言，我支持前 / 后一种观点。理由显而易见：首先，_____(论据1)。其次 _____(论据2)。最重要的一点是 _____(论据3)。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that_____(总结观点).As a college student, I am supposed to _____(表决心).综上所述，可以得出一个结论，_____(总结观点)。作为一名大学生，我将_____(表决心)。
（注：第二部分也可以只写两条论据。）
二、原因分析类作文
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social / economic / environmental problem._____(某种问题 / 现象).has increasingly become a common concern of the public.There are a couple of reasons booming this problem / phenomenon.近来，上出现了一种日益严重的问题 / 现象，_____(某种问题 / 现象)引起了人们的普遍关注。造成这一问题 / 现象的原因有很多。
The first and most important reason is that_____(原因1).There is another reason that deserves some words here._____(原因2).最重要的一个原因是_____(原因1)。另外一个值得注意的原因是_____(原因2)。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent _____(某种问题 / 现象)from bringing us more harm._____(措施1)；_____(措施2).if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.我们应该采取一系列的措施来防止这一问题 / 现象给我们带来危害。_____(措施1)；_____(措施2)。如果我们继续忽略这个问题，将会涌现出更多问题。
（注：如果提纲第三部分没有要求给出具体的解决办法或措施，最后一部分中的措施1,2可不写。）
三、利弊比较类作文
（1）利大于弊
With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of ______(某种现象)is an example.随着科学发展和人类文明的进步，出现了很多以前从未出现过的新事物。有些给我们的生活带来了积极影响，有些则令人不快。______(某种现象)就是一个例子。
Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand, ______(优点 / 利1).On the other hand, ______(优点 / 利2).Every thing in the world has its own two sides.Without exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.One of the important disadvantages is that One of the important disadvantages is that ______(缺点).总的说来，它有如下优点：一方面，______(优点 / 利1)；另一方面，______(优点 / 利2)。任何事情都有两面性，它也不例外，有其优点 / 利和缺点 / 弊。其中最大的一个缺点就是______。
But all in all, I would say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.With the advance of society, if we encourage the merits and eliminate the drawbacks, all people will enjoy a better life.但是，总的说来，我认为其优点 / 利大于缺点 / 弊。随着社会的发展，如果我们能对此善加利用，所有的人都能生活得更好。
（注：这个模板适合写优点大于缺点，即利大于弊类的作文。如果缺点大于优点，弊大于利，可参看以下模板）
（2）弊大于利
With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of ______(某种现象)is an example.随着科学发展和人类文明的进步，出现了很多以前从未出现过的新事物。有些给我们的生活带来了积极影响，有些则令人不快。______(某种现象)就是一个例子。
The negative aspects are apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ______(弊端
1).To make matters worse, ______(弊端2).其负面影响 / 弊端是显而易见的。其中最主要的一个弊端是______(弊端1)。更糟糕的是, ______(弊端2)。
On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate ______(某种现象)and make our life more comfortable.总的说来，这一现象是现代社会发展的后果之一。要改进 / 消除 ______(某种现象)，使我们的生活更加舒适，还有很长的路要走。
附1：经典的替换词
1.people / person---individuals / characters / folks
2.good---positive / favorable / promising / perfect /excellent / outstanding
3.bad---dreadful / unfavorable / poor/ adverse
4.many---an army of / an ocean of / a variety of
5.some---a slice of / quiet a few / several
6.thing---affair / business / matter
7.think---take the attitude that / hold the view that /it is universally acknowledged that
8.in my opinion---for my part / from my own perspective / to my mind
9.cause---give rise to / lead to / result in
10.attractive---appealing/ tempting/ fascinating/ charming
附2：常用谚语(议论文)
1.As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”.2.As a proverb says, “Honesty is the best policy.”.3.As a proverb says, “Where there is will there is a way.”
4.As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”
5.As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”.6.To open a book is always beneficial
7.All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.8.Knowledge is power.9.More haste, less speed.10.A good beginning is half done.11.Time and tide wait for no man.12.It’s never too late to learn.13.Easier said than done.14.Actions speak louder than words.15.Opportunity knocks at the door only once.16.A life without a friend is a life without a sun.17.God helps those that help themselves.18.Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.19.Never put off until tomorrow what can be done today.20.Each man has his limitation.
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
大学英语作文是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要指标，也是大学四级考试的一个重要内容。在整个四级卷面（满分为100分）中占15分，考生在这一部分的得分直接决定其四级成绩。近年来国家教委又明确规定，四级考试中，如果学生作文得零分，那么即使前面得了满分（即85分），其总成绩仍将视为不及格。因此写好一篇文章对参加四级考试的学生来说可谓至关重要，不容轻视。
作文不理想的原因很多，总的看来主要有以下几个方面的问题：
第一、英语底子太薄。主要表现为对语法知识掌握不牢及对基本词汇记忆不清。它包括定冠词和不定冠词的滥用，主谓不一致，单复数搞不清楚，时态和语态混乱及词语的各种形式掌握不牢。有的学生文章写得很长，字迹也很工整，但是读完之后只觉得思路紊乱，支离破碎，没有一个完整的句子，所以也就只能得两三分以慰劳苦。
第二、词汇量太小，且对已学词汇记忆不清。除了底子太薄这个历史原因之外，学生词汇量太小也是一个不容忽视的原因。有的学生汉语功底很好，用汉语作文，他们就会思如泉涌，下笔千言，但是一到用英语作文就好像被缚住了手脚，不知如何下手。比如99年1月的作文，题目是＂don＇t hesitate to say no＂,
大部分学生能够领会题意并能按给出的汉语提纲作文，但有的学生连hesitate是什么意思都不知道，更不用说在此基础上再作发挥了。另外有的学生虽然对题目及要求非常清楚，但是因为自己所掌握的词汇所限，无法用一些合适的词来表达自己的思想，于是只有绕着题目翻来覆去乱说一气，再加上这次出的作文提纲就象一道绕口令：
1、别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不”；
2、为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”；
3、该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。
所以在说过一个又一个的＂no＂再加几个＂yes＂之后，阅卷老师也给搞得云里雾里，头脑发胀，最后也只得酌情给个两三分罢了。还有的一写到纸上就是错字别字满篇，有些词汇的用法也走了样。其中最典型的就是for example写成example for , for instance写成for a instance, illegal写成unlegle,而such as, in spite of等许多短语则是乱用一气。词汇的有限导致许多学生有口难言，欲说不能，对他们来说，用英语作文实在是一件很头疼的事情。
第三、缺乏思想，深度不够。99年1月的考试中很大一部分学生不能得高分还有一个重要的原因，就是他们的作文缺乏思想，深度不够。很多学生虽然已是大二的学生，甚至是大三大四的学生，但是他们在作文当中所表现出的智力水平与阅历似乎只相当于一个初高中生。写出的文章着眼点低，视野狭窄。作为学生，作文着眼于学生之间的关系，反映学生之间的帮忙，这并不为过，但是这种帮忙不能仅仅限于在考试当中的帮忙，而且对这种帮忙都是一句话＂don＇t hesitate to say＇no＇＂。更有相当一部分学生在文章中写帮忙就是这一次四级考试当中的帮忙。与在校考生比较起来，社会考生应该多了许多社会阅历，也多了一些见解，但是举出来的例子也是范围太窄，大多是讲老板或领导让干的事只能答＂yes＂而不能回答＂no＂。其实除了这些，可举的例子很多，关键是要抓住实质。
第四、缺乏应试技巧。缺乏应试技巧，主要表现为有些学生在篇首或篇尾有喊口号倾向（如dear friends, let＇s not hesitate to say＂no＂）,或画蛇添足,本来文章该结束了却偏要罗罗嗦嗦再来两句多余的话；另外一些学生字数把握不准，不是写得太短就是写得太长，写得太短的会因为字数不够而失分，太长的又因为阅卷老师任务繁重，时间窘迫，不能因为一篇文章乱了整个阅卷节奏。还有一些学生的笔迹（尤其是用纯蓝墨水钢笔和出水太浅的圆珠笔写的），让阅卷老师怎么也看不清楚。
以上是四级英语考试中常见的几个问题，更是我们平时英语作文当中应该注意的几个方面。要写好一篇英语文章，关键要在平时下功夫，打好牢固的基础，但是如果这一功夫在使用的时候不讲技巧，不但不能事半功倍地发挥出最高技巧，取得最佳成绩，甚至可能出现与实际水平相去甚远的低成绩。因此，上面讲到的四个问题应该是相辅相成，缺一不可的，做到了这几点，写出一篇好的大学英语四级作文应该是不难的。
第二讲句子的写作
我们在前面曾提过学生的作文主要有以下几个方面的问题;下面我们以考生的实际作文来进行一下分析。
1）some one consider that fresh water will not touch it＇s end.
2）one man＇s life lack of money, he will impossible to live on.
3）as is know, that there are much fake commodities in today＇s society.
这里引述的例句与考生通篇作文的写作水平是一致的，具有典型性，代表了近乎中等水平考生的写作水平。从这些例句中不难看出，中等水平的考生，事实上也包括中上等水平的考生，在写作上存在的主要问题是表达思想不清楚。
表达思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中严重汉化的英语，即中式英语，比如："man can live happiness"，"man is iron, and food is steel.",＂women are half side sky.＂。此外，语言错误的普遍性和严重性十分惊人，比如，主谓不一致，名词单复数不分，动词时态语态滥用，常用词拼写错误比比皆是。这些严重地影响了思想的表达。考试实践表明，多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法，而是最基本的单句写作能力。
文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的，句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此，句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚，将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。大学英语四、六级考试和研究生入学英语考试的实践都表明，考生写作成绩长期得不到明显提高的主要原因是欠缺写好单句的能力。为改变这种状况，我们将从剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手，对写作测试中的基本句子结构和写法进行评议和分析，来帮助考生进一步提高句子写作能力。
一、＂there be＂结构
考生病句：
1. there are many people like to go to the movies.
2. there are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.
正确表达：
1. there are many people who like to go to the movies.
2. there are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.
这两个例句的错误比较有普遍性，因为在历次考试中有不少考生不能正确运用there be这一最常用的句式。在这种结构中，there是引导词，没有实际意义。be在句中作谓语，有时态和数的变化。例如：
1. there was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)
注意：在否定句中，否定词用no，也可用not a或not any。not a后接单数名词，not many后接复数名词，no后面的名词单复数都可以。
2. there is not a moment to be lost.
3. there are many people rushing into the cities every year.
4. there are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.
5. there is no use holding back the wheel of history.
从以上例句还可看出，句中的主语后面可接多种修饰语，如介词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、分词短语等等。这无疑使该结构增加了表现力，使句子表达内容更加丰富。在运用这一结构时，考生最容易犯的错误是在there be之后又用了一个动词作谓语，使句子结构出现严重错误。这里列举的考生的典型错误均属这种情况，对此我们在写作中要格外注意。
二、比较结构
考生病句：
1. comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. the climate in walton is colder than other cities.
正确表达：
1. compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. the climate in walton is colder than that of other cities.
评议与分析：许多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比较，但相当多的表达有误。
在例1中，对两个事物进行比较的句式为compared with a, b...,只能用compare的过去分词，不能用现在分词，因为b是分词的逻辑主语，只能被比较。
在例2中，考生误将"天气"与"城市"进行比较，而二者没有可比性，只有将后者改为"其他城市的天气"才符合逻辑，很显然，考生的错误是受了汉语表达习惯的影响。
比较结构是常用结构，正确地使用这一结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。一般说来，考生若能恰当、正确地运用这一结构，其写作成绩应在5分以上。
下面是比较结构的一些常用的表达方法。
1．同级比较
1）in 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
2）we have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2．比较级
1）children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
2）we can live longer without food than we can (live )without water.
3．最高级
1）this is the most interesting book i＇ve ever read.
2）of all his novels i like this one best.
4．the more…the more…结构
1) the harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
2) the more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.
5．选择比较
1) i prefer staying at home to going out.
2) they prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.
3) he prefers to work alone.
注意：这里的
1）句用的是prefer a to b结构，to为介词，后接名词或动名词；
2）句是以不定式作prefer的宾语；
3）句用法同2），只是不把rather than部分表达出来。
6．对比
1) motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
2) he is tired out, whereas she is full of vigor.
注意：while和whereas均可用于连接两个意义对立的分句，相当于汉语的"而"字。许多考生能较好地运用这一句式，尤其在图表作文中。
三、表达原因的结构
考生病句：
1. the real reason to our failure is not far to seek.
2. the reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.
正确表达：
1. the real reason for our failure is not far to seek.
2. the reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.
评议与分析：
从遣词造句上看，这两位考生具有一定的写作能力，not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均运用正确、恰当。但令人遗憾的是，第一位考生不知道reason不与to搭配而应接介词for，第二位考生犯了一个中国学生常犯的错误，就是用because引起表语从句，because这个词不能引起表语从句，在本句中只能改用that才正确。掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的，几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或可以写原因。在大学英语四、六级考试、研究生入学英语考试以及toefl考试中，写作的文体基本上是议论文，而议论文的基本模式是摆事实、讲道理，讲道理就是说明原因。写作测试的文体决定了表达原因结构的重要性。
英语中用来表达原因这一概念的结构有多种。我们可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等词组引出表示原因的从句。例如：
1. now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.
2. professor liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.
3. since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.
4. pollution is still a serious problem, not that we don＇t have the ability to solve it, but that some people have not realized the consequences of the problem.
我们还可以借助某些词语用简单句表达原因结构。例如：
1. the reason for this change is quite obvious.
2. diligence is the key factor of success.
3. idleness is the root of all evils.
4. he was ashamed to have made the mistake.
(=he was ashamed that he had made the mistake.
=he was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)
除了上述的例句外，英语中还有很多或易或难的表达原因的结构。我们在进行写作训练的时候，不能满足于一知半解，要讲究书面语言的正确性和准确性。比如，because是最常用的引导原因从句的连词，语气最强，表示直接的原因，若because置于句首，后面的主句不能再用so。用as引导的`原因从句语气较弱，所说明的原因是附带的，而since表示的原因暗示着是稍加分析之后才能推断出来的原因。
四、否定结构
考生病句
1. some people think we needn＇t to worry about fresh water.
2. nowadays many people don＇t like to go to the movies, too.
正确表达：
1. some people think we needn＇t worry (或don＇t need to worry) about fresh water.
2. nowadays many people don＇t like to go to the movies, either.
评议与分析：
例句1的错误在于该考生混淆了need作为情态动词和作为普通动词的用法。need作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句，后面的动词不带to, needn＇t worry，作we的谓语。need作为实意动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，don＇t need to worry中的to worry作don＇t need的宾语。
例句2的错误在于该考生混淆了too和either的区别，这两个词都表示"也"的意思，但是在英语中too, also只能用于肯定句，而either只能用于否定句。
否定结构除了在助动词、情态动词，be和have后面加not之外，还有许多不含not的否定结构。
i.含有否定意义的词汇和短语以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义，因此无需用否定词。介词against, beyond, but, except, without,...形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want,...短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,...例句：
1）women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.
在一些国家里妇女没有得到平等的权利。
2）this is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis.
这不是解决能源危机的最好的办法。
3）we should protect trees from being destroyed.
我们应保护树木，不让它们受破坏。
4）in old china we could not make a nail, let alone(make) machines.
在旧中国，我们连一个钉子都造不了，更不用说制造机器了。
ii.含有半否定意义的词语barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具有半否定的意义。例句：
1）we could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.
几年前在冬天市场上很难见到新鲜蔬菜。
2）these young people know little about how to choose good books to read.
这些年轻人几乎不知道如何挑选优秀的书籍来读。
iii.不含否定意义的否定结构有些词和词组形式上是否定结构，但其含义是肯定的，比如：cannot but, can＇t help, no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。例句：
1）we can＇t but face the reality.我们只有面对现实。
2）these old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.
这些旧建筑将很快为现代化的公寓所代替。
in.否定结构的倒装语序.我们有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首，这时句子结构应倒装。例如：
1）on no account should we follow blindly.我们决不应当盲从。
2）no where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in our country.没有任何其他地方有我国这样高的学习热情。
五、含有it的结构
考生病句：
1. as is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.
2. it is known to us, practice makes perfect.
正确表达：
1. it is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society. (或:as is known to all of us, science...)
2. it is known to us that practice makes perfect. (或:as is known to us, practice...)
评议与分析：
很显然，两个考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主语，后面的主语从句必须由that引起；如果用as，则后面不能用that，因为as是关系代词，代表practice makes perfect。it在英语中是个相当活跃的代词，在写作中我们常要使用它。以下几种用法应熟练掌握，并能灵活运用。
1．作形式主语
it is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. it makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.
2.作形式宾语
we find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.
3.引导强调句
it is only by this way that we can achieve success. it was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.
从语法结构来看，上述的句子都不难，或者可以说是考生相当熟悉的。然而在写作考试中，多数考生缺乏运用自己已掌握的句式的意识，而以自己头脑中拼凑的中式英语取而代之。其实，只要能恰当地运用上述的任何一个句式，考生的作文就会出现闪光点，就会取得比较好的成绩。
英语写作常见错误与分析
下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析．
一．不一致（disagreements）
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致,时态不一致及代词不一致等．
病句：when one have money, he can do what he want to.
剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致．
-
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改为：once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do)
二．修饰语错位（misplaced modifiers）
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．
病句：i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．
三．句子不完整（sentence fragments）
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．
病句：there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句．
改为：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.
四．悬垂修饰语（dangling modifiers）
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．
病句：at the age of ten, my grandfather died.
这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明”谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了．
改为：when i was ten, my grandfather died.
病句:to do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚．
改为：to do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五．词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)
“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．
病句：none can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。
改为：none can deny the importance of money.
六．指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。 mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)
读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：
mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为：we can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七．不间断句子(run-on sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
病句: there are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways.”以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.或：
there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八．措词毛病(troubles in diction)
diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
病句：the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makespollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。
改为：the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leadsto pollution.
九．累赘(redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。
病句：in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：in spite ofhis laziness, i like him.
病句：for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thingto be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。
改为：diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十．不连贯(incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
病句：the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析：the fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯。it与things在数方面不一致。
改为：fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
英语四级作文范文：英语四级考试必备范文
书面表达评分原则有四条:内容要点;运用词汇和结构的数量;运用语法结构和词汇的`准确性;上下文的连贯性。考生在写作文的时候要按照这四点目标来,尽可能的提升自己的英文水平。本文整理了两篇英语四级作文的练习题。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Uncivilized Tourists. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考范文】
Uncivilized Tourists
Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look! As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of money to the local people.
However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life. The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists. It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony on Oct. 1st. The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment. Another problem is the traffic jam caused by so many tourists.
Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe problems. The local tourist authority should set up relative laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey the laws and help to make the places of tourist more beautiful!
1. 有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率
2. 有人却认为网络让青少年沉迷,影响学习
3. 我的看法
作文范文:
The Internet
In the era of information and technology, the Internet plays an important role in our society. However, people’s opinions are still divided on this point. Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it has a lot of advantages. Firstly, information searching is no longer a tough job with the help of all kinds of search engines. Secondly, we can contact friends or business partners via e-mails or software such as Internet Meeting and Yahoo Messenger.
Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that its disadvantages are numerous. In the first place, using the Internet costs considerable time, money and energy, especially for those with poor self-control. In the second place, increasing young people are indulged in online games and unhealthy information, which are extremely harmful to their development.
In my opinion, its pros outweigh the cons. The past twenty years have witnessed the fast development of the Internet along with the national economy. A brighter future is awaiting us if we make good use of the Internet.
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
大学英语四级作文范文
英语四级作文范文1：
Should we help others in need?
1. 现在经常有这样的现象发生：路上有人摔倒，没人敢上前帮忙。
2. 这是人们的公德心缺失还是其他什么原因呢?
3. 你对此有何看法?
参考范文：
Should we help others in need?
Helping others has always been a virtue in traditional Chinese culture. But what’s strangenowadays is that people dare not show their helping hands to those in need. I would like toelaborate my views on this issue.
Firstly, I think people’s moral sense has degraded. When egoism gains the upper hand,many people find it growingly hard to help others. Secondly, there is no denying that sometragic events turn out to be traps by people with evil intentions. So common people arebecoming more risk-conscious and are more wary of traps and deceits.
In general, I contend the idea that we should be warm-hearted and offer help as well aslook out for potential hazards so as not to be deceived.
英语四级作文范文2：
College Students'Living Condition
“蚁族”到“鼠族”，不断涌现。
2. 对于这种现象，你有什么看法?
参考范文：
College Students'Living Condition
Recently, the living condition of some college students is frequently referred to as“dwelling-narrowness”. In fact, this embarrassing situation is very serious that few of us canfail to meditate on the causes of it.
In the first place, it's difficult for graduates to bear the high cost of life in big cities. Poorpayment thus gives rise to bad living conditions. Next, college students are more ambitious.Many of them are eager to compete in big cities like Shanghai and Beijing, where talents areabundant and positions are limited. Refusing to go back hometown let them suffer in bigcities, which indirectly make their situation worse.
Generally speaking, college students should be more qualified to better themselves andadjust their goals according to the reality.
英语四级作文范文3：
Directions: Write a composition entitled On a Harmonious Dormitory Life.
You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.宿舍生活是大学生活的`一部分，但是有时会出现不和谐的情况;
2.创建和谐的宿舍生活的重要性;
3.怎样创建和谐的宿舍生活。
参考范文：
Sample:
On a Harmonious Dormitory Life
Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life. But sometimes the harmony in thedormitory is disturbed in one way or another.
As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students andbenefits all the members. On the one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart intostudy. On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.
There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, youhave to evaluate your life-style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any.Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you’ll just have to learn to tolerate each otherand co-exist. Thirdly, you’ll have to share with each other and make good friends.
In conclusion, we should j try our best tobuild harmonious dormitory life for the sakeof.good study and sood life.
【词汇表达亮点】
indispensable adj.必不可少的，非 常重要的
evaluate v.评价
get rid of 除掉
disturb v.打扰
annoying adj.烦人的，讨厌的
in one way or another用这种或那种方式，以某种方式
arise v.产生，发生
tolerate v.忍受
as is known to all 众所周知
for the sake of ...为了............. 的利益，为了.... 的目的
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
Meet Dolly the high-wire hamster who hauls herself back onto the tightrope when she takes a tumble.
来看看这只可爱的高空绳索小仓鼠Dolly吧当它翻筋斗时会拉着绳子把自己悬吊在绳索上。
A high-wire hamster who loves to show off her circus skills almost came a cropper when she slipped off a tightrope in the middle of a routine.
一只会走空中绳索的小仓鼠非常喜欢展示它的杂技技巧，当它顺着绳子滑到绳中央的时候就像是要栽跟头一样。
Dollys delightful trick could have ended in trauma as the cute critter misplaced a paw. But, teetering on the edge, she managed to haul herself up to finish off her routine.
Dolly的这些滑稽的.小把戏本会使它伤痕累累，这个可爱的小动物可能会伤掉它的小爪子。但是结果却是它摇摇晃晃的爬到了绳子边缘，它成功的用手抓着绳子完成了这段距离。
Luckily she was only inches from the ground, and would not have suffered injury had she taken a tumble.
幸运的是它离地面只有几尺高，如果它栽了个跟头也不会受伤。
These adorable photographs were taken by keen photographer Mirko Waltermann, 37, at his home in Hamm, Germany.
这些让人喜爱的照片是由37岁的机灵的摄影师Mirko Waltermann在他德国哈姆的家中拍摄的。
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
Nowadays a large number of universities encourage and organize students to take part in social practice activities. During the holidays, students in mounting numbers choose to be the volunteers, take part-time jobs, or take part in other practical activities alike. It is obvious that social practice is playing an increasingly essential role in China’s college education.
Undoubtedly, college students have benefited a lot from social practice. Above all, they are provided with more opportunities to contact the real world outside campus. What is more, in social practice activities, students can apply their theoretical knowledge to the solution to the practical problems. So their practical skills are improved greatly. Besides, social practice helps strengthen students’ sense of social responsibility.
Considering the above-mentioned, it is necessary for college students to participate in social practice. However, social practice may bring some problems. For example, some students spend too much time in taking part-time jobs so as to ignore their study. Hence, we should try to balance the relationship between social practice and study.
翻译：现在许多大学鼓励和组织学生参加社会实践活动。在假期里,越来越多的学生选择做志愿者、兼职工作,或参加其他实践活动。很明显,社会实践是发挥着越来越重要的作用,中国的大学教育。
毫无疑问,大学生社会实践受益匪浅。最重要的是,他们提供了更多的机会接触校园以外的现实世界。更重要的是,在社会实践活动中,学生可以应用理论知识解决实际问题。所以他们的实践技能得到了较大的.改善。此外,社会实践有助于加强学生的社会责任感。
考虑到上述,大学生有必要参与社会实践。然而,社会实践可能带来一些问题。例如,一些学生花太多时间在兼职工作,忽视了他们的研究。因此,我们应该试着平衡社会实践和学习之间的关系。
◍ 大学英语四级学习计划
大学英语四级经典万能作文模板 一,对比观点题型 对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1． 有一些人认为。2． 另一些人认为。3． 我的看法。。。The topic of X---（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason----------------（支持 A 的理由一）What is more,-------------(理由二).Moreover,---------------(理 由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支 持 B 的理由一).Secondly(besides),------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),--------------(理 由三).From my point of view, I think----------------（我的观点）.The reason is that--------------------(原 因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the formerlatter is surely a wise choice.（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）.For example, they think ②----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该 看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(总结我对文章所讨论 主题的看法)． 二,阐述主题题型 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２． 分析并举例使其更充实． The good old proverb---------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理 由 一).For example,-------------------(举 例 说 明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)． In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １． 问题现状 ２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face the problem X, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with X, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,--------(解决方法一).For another thing,--------(解决方法二).Finally,--------(解决方法 三).Personally, I believe that------(我的解决方法).Consequent
ly, I’m confident that a bright
future is awaiting us because-------(带来的好处).三,议论文的框架 议论文的框架(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）There is a widespread concern over the issue __X 作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一 _______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点 二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________原因一, but also because _________原因二.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___X 作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __X 题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just as a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, __X 讨论议题 ______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点 一______.In addition, ____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__X 作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know，there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途 径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径 二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___X 作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文 It is well known to us that the proverb ___X 谚语_______ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it goes without saying that it is of great
importance to practice the proverb ____X 谚语_____.With the rap
apid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying ____X 谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.四,图表作文 图表作文 As is shownindicatedillustrated by the figurepercentage in the table(graphpicturepiechart), ___X 作 文 题 目 的 议 题 _____ has been a rise decrease increasedrop 或 significantlydramaticallysteadily risingdecreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharpmarked decline rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for it.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand,________._______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.五,现象说明文 现象说明文 Recently what amazes us most is_______X_______,it is true that__________.There are many reasons explaining ________X________.The main reason is____________________.what is more,_____________.Thirdly, _________________.As a result,_______________.Considering all these____________________.For one thing, _______________,for another, ____________.In Conclusion, ____________________.
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